Peranan Keterlihatan Platform dan Wacana Media Sosial dalam Pembentukan dan Pembingkaian Isu Kewartawanan Arus Perdana: Satu Tinjauan Skop
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.406Keywords:
Pembentukan isu, Pembingkaian, Media arus perdana, Kewartawanan digital, Logik platformAbstract
Media sosial kini menjadi ruang penting dalam kemunculan isu awam apabila pelbagai peristiwa, wacana dan reaksi masyarakat sering memperoleh keterlihatan awal melalui platform digital sebelum diberi perhatian oleh media arus perdana. Dalam landskap komunikasi yang semakin berplatform, isu tidak lagi semata-mata dibentuk melalui rutin editorial tradisional, sebaliknya turut dipengaruhi oleh kandungan janaan pengguna, hantaran tular, budaya tanda pagar, visual saksi kejadian, naratif pempengaruh, dan reaksi khalayak berangkaian. Perkembangan ini telah mengubah dinamika kewartawanan kontemporari apabila organisasi media arus perdana semakin bergantung pada platform media sosial sebagai sumber pemantauan isu, petunjuk perhatian awam, dan rujukan awal dalam proses penemuan berita. Walaupun banyak kajian telah membincangkan media sosial, logik platform, dan pembingkaian berita, sintesis yang meneliti secara khusus hubungan antara platform media sosial, pembentukan isu, dan pembingkaian isu dalam media arus perdana masih terhad. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti bagaimana kajian terdahulu menerangkan peranan platform media sosial dalam pembentukan isu, menganalisis bagaimana kajian terdahulu menjelaskan pengaruh platform media sosial terhadap pembingkaian isu dalam media arus perdana, serta mensintesis tema utama dan jurang penyelidikan dalam literatur berkaitan hubungan tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan skop berpandukan PRISMA-ScR, manakala persoalan kajian dibina berdasarkan rangka PICo. Strategi pencarian sistematik melibatkan tiga fasa utama, iaitu identification, screening, dan eligibility, dengan artikel dipilih daripada pangkalan data Scopus dan Taylor & Francis Online. Sebanyak 45 artikel dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahawa platform media sosial bukan sekadar saluran penyebaran maklumat tetapi turut berfungsi sebagai ruang pembentukan salience isu melalui viraliti, tanda pagar, visual tular dan penglibatan emosi khalayak. Kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa isu yang berasal daripada media sosial tidak dipindahkan secara neutral ke media arus perdana, sebaliknya dibingkaikan semula melalui logik editorial, norma profesional dan kepentingan institusi. Beberapa tema utama dikenal pasti, termasuk platform sebagai tapak kemunculan isu, pengaruh keterlihatan platform terhadap perhatian bilik berita, transformasi pembingkaian daripada media sosial ke media arus perdana, peranan aktor bukan wartawan, serta implikasi etika dan demokrasi dalam ekosistem media hibrid. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang lebih tersusun tentang bagaimana isu bergerak daripada ruang platform ke ruang kewartawanan arus perdana, di samping menonjolkan jurang penting untuk penyelidikan akan datang.
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