Transformasi Peranan Wartawan Dalam Era Digital: Tinjauan Skop Terhadap Pengaruh Kecerdasan Buatan (AI), Media Sosial dan Kewartawanan Data
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/ejpi.v12i4.302Abstract
Wartawan merupakan tonggak utama dalam ekosistem pemberitaan yang bertanggungjawab menyampaikan maklumat yang sahih dan berintegriti kepada masyarakat. Namun begitu, dalam era digital yang serba pantas ini, peranan wartawan telah mengalami perubahan ketara apabila mereka bukan sahaja bertindak sebagai pelapor, malah turut menjadi pencipta kandungan, penyunting dan penyebar maklumat secara serentak. Kemunculan teknologi baharu seperti kecerdasan buatan (AI), media sosial dan kewartawanan berasaskan data turut mengubah dinamik amalan kewartawanan konvensional. Walaupun terdapat banyak kajian yang menyentuh aspek kewartawanan digital, namun tidak banyak kajian tinjauan berbentuk skop (scoping review) dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti fokus dan corak perubahan peranan wartawan dalam era digital. Objektif utama kajian tinjauan berbentuk skop ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti bagaimana perubahan peranan wartawan telah digambarkan dalam kajian-kajian lepas. Kajian ini telah dibentuk berdasarkan rujukan kepada panduan PRISMA-ScR manakala persoalan kajian telah dibina berdasarkan mnemonic PICo. Strategi pencarian sistematik melibatkan tiga fasa iaitu identification, screening dan eligibility. Artikel-artikel terpilih dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis tema untuk mengenal pasti pola utama dalam perubahan peranan wartawan. Hasil analisis mendapati bahawa sejumlah 74 artikel telah membincangkan peranan wartawan dalam konteks digital dan tujuh tema utama dikenal pasti: 1) kecerdasan buatan (AI) dan pembentukan peranan baharu wartawan, 2) ketelusan, etika dan cabaran algoritma, 3) ketidaksamaan digital dan jurang sumber, 4) kewartawanan alternatif (periferal) dan identiti profesional baharu, 5) strategi penyebaran kandungan dan dinamik masa, 6) kandungan berasaskan algoritma dan penglibatan, 7) inovasi visual dan isu representasi. Signifikan utama kajian ini adalah hasilnya boleh menjadi asas kepada pembangunan latihan profesional kewartawanan dan penambahbaikan dasar editorial organisasi media dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan era digital.
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