Transforming Performance: The Significance of Transformational Leadership

Transformasi Prestasi: Kepentingan Kepimpinan Transformational

Authors

  • Nur Husna Mohd. Hussain Universiti Islam Selangor (UIS)
  • Putri Nur Atikah Nazari Universiti Islam Selangor (UIS)
  • Noraznida Husin Universiti Islam Selangor (UIS)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53840/ejpi.v11i2.200

Keywords:

Employee performance, idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration

Abstract

In the contemporary organizational landscape, effective leadership is essential for fostering employee enthusiasm, engagement, and performance. This research aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between transformational leadership and job performance from the employees' perspective. Transformational leadership, characterized by its ability to inspire and empower employees towards shared goals, contrasts with transactional styles by emphasizing idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected through questionnaires distributed to employees across various departments in a company located in Bandar Baru Bangi. The survey focused on the four key dimensions of transformational leadership and their impact on employee performance. The results were analyzed using Pearson correlation, indicate significant positive correlations between all dimensions of transformational leadership and employee performance. The findings emphasize the importance of transformational leadership in enhancing employee performance. Leaders who demonstrate charismatic behavior, inspire with a compelling vision, provide personalized support, and stimulate creativity can significantly improve employee performance. This study provides valuable insights for human resource practitioners seeking to leverage transformational leadership to boost employee performance and achieve organizational success. By adopting transformational practices, leaders can foster a motivated, engaged, and high-performing workforce, thereby driving organizational growth and sustainability.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abu Orabi, T. G. (2016, May 21). The Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Performance: Evidence from Jordan. Macrothink Institute.

Alin, A. (2010, May). Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Multicollineariry Reviews. Computational Statisics.

Alsayyed, N. M., Suifan, T. S., & Sweis, R. J. (2020). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organisational Performance Case Study: The University of Jordan. Int. J Business Excellence.

Antonakis, J. (2012). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership. In D. V. Day & J. Antonakis (Eds.), The Nature of Leadership (pp. 256-288). Sage Publications.

Asana, Inc. (2024, January 26). Fiedler's Contigency Theory: Why Leadership Isn't Uniform. Asana.

Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire: Manual and sampler set (3rd ed.). Mind Garden.

Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources Model: State of the Art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328.

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership: Good, better, best. Organizational dynamics, 13(3), 26-40.

Bass, B. M., & Stogdill, R. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. Simon and Schuster.

Bass, B.M. & Avolio, B. J. (1993), Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 12, 113-121.

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. Free Press

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. Free Press.

(This foundational work introduced the four dimensions of transformational leadership: Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration.)

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. Sage Publications.

(This book further explores the practical applications and the empirical development of the transformational leadership model.)

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. Free Press.

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage Publications.

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. Sage Publications.

Biloa X. (2023). The Impact of Leadership Style on Employee Performance. Open Journal of Leadership.

Bolden R., Gosling J., Marturano A., & Dennison P. (2003). A Review of Leadership Theory and Competency Framework Bonett D.G., Wright, T.A. Sample Size Requirements for Estimating Pearson, Kendall and Spearman Correlation. Psychometrika.

Bryman A.E, Gillingwater D., & McGuinness. (1992). Leadership and Organisational Transformation (Vol. 15). Management Research News.

Buil, I., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International journal of hospitality management, 77, 64-75

Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.

Bycio P., Hackett R.D, & Allen J.S. (1995). Further Assessment of Bass's Conceptualization of Transactional and Transformational Leadership. Journal Applied Psychology, 80, 468-478.

Ciulla, & Joanne B. (2003). The Ethics of Leadership.

Den Hartog, D.N, Muijen, V. J., & Koopman P.L. (1997). Transactional versus Transformational Leadership: An Analysis of the MLQ. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70(1), 19-34.

Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The Job Demands-Resources Model of Burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512.

Dionne S.D, Yammarino F.J, Atwater L., & Spangler W.D. (2004). Transformational Leadership and Team Performance (Vol. 17, 177-193). Journal of Organizational Change Management.

Duren P. (2013). Managing Burnout in the Workplace: Transformational Leadership. ScienceDirect.

Dvir T., Eden D., Avolio B., & Shamir B. (2015). Impact of Transformational Leadership on Follower Development and Performance: A Field Experiment Impact of Transformational Leadership.

Dwivedi P., Cahturvedi V., & Vashist J.K. (2020). Transformational Leadership and Employee Efficiency: Knowledge Sharing as Mediator. Benchmarking: An International Journal. The effect of leadership styles on employees’ performance at Bank of Africa, Kenya. (2016, July 13). The Open University of Tanzania Institutional Repository.

Eliphotou-Menon M., & Joannouz A. (2016). The Link between Transformational Leadership and Teachers' Job Satisfaction, Commitment, Motivation to Learn and Trust in the Leader. The Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 20, 12-22.

Givens, R. J. (2008). Transformational Leadership: The Impact on Organizational and Personal Outcomes. Emerging Leadership Journeys.

Hajiali, I., Kessi, A. M. F., Budiandriani, B., Prihatin, E., & Sufri, M. M. (2022). Determination of work motivation, leadership style, employee competence on job satisfaction and employee performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 57-69.

Hartog D.N, Muijen J.J, & Koopman P.L. (1997). Transactional versus Transformational Leadership: An Analysis of the MLQ. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 19-34.

Iqbal, K., Fatima, T., & Naveed, M. (2019, December 9). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Nurses' Organizational Commitment: A Multiple Mediation Model. PubMed Central.

Ishak, A. (2008, April). Stimulation Intellectual and Individualised Consideration in Leading Employees: A Study in one Local Authority. Siasat Bisnis, 12(1), 1-12.

Judge T.A, & Piccolo R.F. (2004). Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta- Analytic Test of Their Relative Validity. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755- 68.

Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., & Ilies, R. (2006). The forgotten ones? The validity of consideration and initiating structure in leadership research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), 36-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.36

Kark, R., & Shamir, B. (2002). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Followers' Relational Versus Collective Self-Concept. Academy of Management Proceeding.

Karuthi, P. N. (2022, April 4). Intellectual Stimulation for Technological Innovation- A Review of Literature. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research (IJMSR), 10(4), 1-16.

Kezar A.J, Garducci R., & McGavin, C. (2006). Rethinking the "L" Word in Higher Education: The Revolution in Research on Leadership.

Krejcie R.V, & Morgan D.W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.

Kuhnert, K. W., & Lewis, P. (1987). Transactional and transformational leadership: A constructive/developmental analysis. Academy of Management Review, 12(4), 648-657.

https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306717

Lee, S. Y., & Lee, S. W. (2020, May 15). Social Media Use and Job Performance in the Workplace: The Effects of Facebook and KakoTalk Use on Job Performance in South Korea.

Li, H., Sajjad, N., Wang, Q., Ali, A. M., Khaqan, Z., & Amina, S. (2019, March 15). Influence of Transformational Leadership on Employees' Innovative Work Behavior in Sustainable Organizations: Test of Mediation and Moderation Processes. MDPI.

Lim B. (1997). Transformational Leadership in the UK Management Culture. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 18, 283-289.

Li Y., G.P, & Johanson G.A. (2012). Item Discrimination and Type | Error in the Detection of Differential Item Functioning. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 72, 847- 861.

Mittal S., & Dhar R.L. (2015). Transformational Leadership and Employee Creativity. Management Decisions, 53, 849-910.

Ngodo O.E. (2008). Procedural Justice and Trust: The Link in the Transformational Leadership. Organizational Outcomes Relationship.

Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.

Northouse, P. G. (2018). Leadership: Theory and practice (8th ed.). Sage Publications.

Okeke, & Oboreh. (2017). Impact of Transformational Leadership on Student Satisfaction and Retention. Universities South-East Zone of Nigeria.

Ozaralli N. (2003). Effects of Transformational Leadership on Empowerment and Team Effectiveness. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24, 335-344.

Qalati, S. A., Zafar, Z., Fan, M., Limón, M. L. S., & Khaskheli, M. B. (2022). Employee performance under transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: A mediated model. Heliyon, 8(11).

Schober, Patrick MD, Christa PhD, & Lothar A. (2018, May). Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia.

Shafi, M., Lei, Z., Song, X., & Sarker, M. N. I. (2020). The effects of transformational leadership on employee creativity: Moderating role of intrinsic motivation. Asia Pacific Management Review, 25(3), 166-176.

Shonubi O., & Akintaro. (2016). The Effect of Organizational Culture on Organizational Economic Performance.

Sigalingging H.P, & Azmy A. (2023). Conceptual Model of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Performance. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding.

Simon L., Arnold, A. B., Jamie, B. A., William, G. H., & Saks, M. A. M. (2015, March 3). Employee Engagement, Human Resource Management Practices and Competitive Advantage: An Intergrated Approach. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance.

Stewart, J. (2017, July 25). Transformational Leadership: An Evolving Concept Examined Through the Works of Burns, Bass, Avolio and Leithwood. CJEAP.

Sugiharto H. (2019). The Moderating Role of Leadership Style on the Relationship Between Job Stress, Emotional Intelligence and Deviant Workplace Behavior. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development.

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.

Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-conceptbased theory. Organization Science, 4(4), 577-594. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.4.577

Taylor, S. (2015). Multiple Linear Regression. CFI

Vekerk P.J. (1990, January 1). Fiedler's Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness: Background and Recent Developments. Einghoven University of Technology.

Virgiawan, A. R., Riyanto, S., & Endri, E. (2021). Organizational culture as a mediator motivation and transformational leadership on employee performance. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(3), 67-79.

Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in organizations (7th ed.). Pearson.

Zohrabi, M. (2013). Mixed method research: Instruments, validity, reliability and reporting findings. Theory and practice in language studies, 3(2), 254.

Downloads

Published

30-09-2024

How to Cite

Mohd. Hussain, N. H., Nazari, P. N. A. ., & Husin, N. (2024). Transforming Performance: The Significance of Transformational Leadership : Transformasi Prestasi: Kepentingan Kepimpinan Transformational . E-Jurnal Penyelidikan Dan Inovasi, 11(2), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.53840/ejpi.v11i2.200